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Photographer: Jean-Claude Fornero |
O equipamento que está a ser desenvolvido na FEUP tem que ser o mais barato possível, portanto não interessam a este projecto artefactos que utilizem motores eléctricos ou de combustão. Interessam somente os que utilizam a energia que se pode gerar com o corpo.
Conseguimos agrupar (quase) todos os artfectos em quatro grandes categorias que são as que seguem abaixo:
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Existen afiladores por todo el mundo y todos
ellos tienen puestos de trabajo únicos, creados con los recursos disponibles y,
la mayoría de las veces, con mucho ingenio. Antes de comenzar el diseño de un
nuevo puesto de trabajo de bajo coste para los afiladores, analizamos cientos
de ejemplos distribuidos por todo el mundo.
El equipamiento que está siendo desarrollado
en la FEUP tiene que ser lo más barato posible, así que en este proyecto no
interesan artefactos que utilicen motores eléctricos o de combustión. Solo
interesan los que utilizan la energía que se puede generar con el cuerpo.
Hemos conseguido agrupar (casi)todos los artefactos en cuatro grandes categorías
que son estas:
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There are knife sharpeners all over the world and all of them have their own unique workstations. These were built with the resources at hand and, most of the times, with a good deal of ingenuity. Before we set out to design a new low cost workstation for knife sharpeners, we have analysed thousands of examples throughout the world.
The equipment being developed at FEUP must be as cheap as possible, so artifacts which use electrical or combustion engines are not of interest for this particular project. Only those that make use of the energy one produces with his own body are of interest to us.
We have managed to group (almost) all the artifacts into four main categories shown below:
The equipment being developed at FEUP must be as cheap as possible, so artifacts which use electrical or combustion engines are not of interest for this particular project. Only those that make use of the energy one produces with his own body are of interest to us.
We have managed to group (almost) all the artifacts into four main categories shown below:
Bicicleta
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Photographer: Diabolic PEnguin |
Este é uma das tipologias mais frequente. A alteração dos sistemas de transmissão permite converter o veículo numa máquina para amolar.
Esta tipologia, juntamente com a que veremos em seguida, é a que apresenta a melhor solução biomecânica e ergonómica. O trabalho é feito na posição sentada e com ambos os lados do corpo, deixando as mãos livres.
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Esta es una de las tipologías más extendidas.
Alternando los sistemas de transmisión permite convertir el vehículo en una
maquina de afilar. Esta tipología junto
con la que veremos a seguir es la que presenta la mejor solución biomecánica yergonómica. Se trabaja sentado, con ambos lados del cuerpo y deja las manos
libres.
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This is one of the most widespread types. Switching the transmission systems allows one to convert the vehicle into a sharpening machine. Along with the one we will see next, this typology is the one having the best bio mechanical and ergonomic solution. One works while sitting and using both sides of the body, which frees the hands to work.
This is one of the most widespread types. Switching the transmission systems allows one to convert the vehicle into a sharpening machine. Along with the one we will see next, this typology is the one having the best bio mechanical and ergonomic solution. One works while sitting and using both sides of the body, which frees the hands to work.
Bicicleta estática
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Photographer: Alexandre Keledjian |
A este outro tipo denominamos "estático" porque, ainda que utilizando o mesmo mecanismo que as bicicletas, não é um transporte. É, no entanto, transportável, que é o que interessa para esta investigação. Cidades como o Porto, de média dimensão, são perfeitamente transitáveis a pé, entre um cliente e o seguinte, e, senão, contam com toda uma rede de transportes públicos.
Por isto e por possuir as mesmas qualidades a nível biomecânico e ergonómico, esta tipologia destaca-se como a ideal para estudar mais a fundo.
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A este otro tipo lo denominamos de estático
porque utilizando el mismo mecanismo que las bicicletas no es un transporte.
Pero si es transportable, que es lo que interesa para nuestra investigación.
Ciudades como Oporto, de mediana dimensión, son perfectamente transitables a
pie, entre cliente y cliente, y si no, cuentan con toda una red de transportes públicos.
Por esto y por poseer las mismas cualidades a nivel biomecánico y ergonómico esta
tipología se destaca como la idónea para estudiar más a fondo.
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We call this other type "cam" because even though it uses the same mechanism as bicycles, it is not a transport mean. It is, however, portable, which is of interest to our research. Medium-sized cities such as Oporto are perfectly suited to walk, to go from one client to the next and, if not, the are fully covered by public transportation. Thus, and for presenting bio mechanical and ergonomic qualities, this type stands out as the most appropriate for a deeper study.
We call this other type "cam" because even though it uses the same mechanism as bicycles, it is not a transport mean. It is, however, portable, which is of interest to our research. Medium-sized cities such as Oporto are perfectly suited to walk, to go from one client to the next and, if not, the are fully covered by public transportation. Thus, and for presenting bio mechanical and ergonomic qualities, this type stands out as the most appropriate for a deeper study.
Pedal excêntrico
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Photographer:F. Laurent |
O pedal excêntrico é um mecanismo também bastante comum e, talvez juntamente com o de rotação manual, o mais antigo. Este tipo de artefactos são muito manejáveis e fáceis de transportar, mas apresentam um claro problema ergonómico. Além de submeter a perna que activa o pedal a um esforço muito maior, trabalha-se em pé e de forma instável.
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El pedal excéntrico es un mecanismo también bastante
extendido y quizá, junto con la rotación manual, el más antiguo. Este tipo de
artefactos son muy manejables y fáciles de transportar pero presentan un claro
problema ergonómico. A parte de someter la pierna que activa el
pedal a un esfuerzo mucho mayor se trabaja en pié y de manera inestable.
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The cam pedal is a widespread mechanism and, perhaps the earliest along with the one of manual rotation. This type of artifacts are very workable and easy to carry around, but they present a serious ergonomic problem. Beyond being over demanding of the leg which activates the pedal, one must work while standing and in an unstable way.
The cam pedal is a widespread mechanism and, perhaps the earliest along with the one of manual rotation. This type of artifacts are very workable and easy to carry around, but they present a serious ergonomic problem. Beyond being over demanding of the leg which activates the pedal, one must work while standing and in an unstable way.
Rotação manual
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Photographer: Elisabeth Thomsen |
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Los artefactos que utilizan la rotación manual
como fuente de energía son, por lo general, los más simples y económicos. Pero también
son claramente los menos adecuados. No solo porque se adoptan posturas de
trabajo claramente inadecuadas sino porque obliga a realizar el afilado con una
única mano, la otra se emplea en generar la rotación, existiendo también un
esfuerzo continuado y desigual de los brazos.
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The artifacts using manual rotation as their energy source are, in general, the simplest and cheapest. However, they are also clearly the least suited. This is not only because it forces one to adopt inadequate work postures, as it also forces the grinding to be performed using one hand only. The other hand is busy in generating the rotation movement, thus resulting in an unequal effort to be performed by both arms.
The artifacts using manual rotation as their energy source are, in general, the simplest and cheapest. However, they are also clearly the least suited. This is not only because it forces one to adopt inadequate work postures, as it also forces the grinding to be performed using one hand only. The other hand is busy in generating the rotation movement, thus resulting in an unequal effort to be performed by both arms.
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